Final answer:
The correct term for an organization structure based on Financial, Human Resources, and Operational departments is a Functional organization. This contrasts with project-based, matrix, and divisional organizations, and represents a more traditional hierarchical and departmental business structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
An organization structure that is based on the Financial, Human Resources, and Operational departments rather than by project is termed as a d) Functional organization. This type of organization is characterized by an emphasis on departments and functions performing specialized tasks. It contrasts with a project-based organization which is structured around projects, a matrix organization which combines two or more types of structures, typically functional and project, and a divisional organization which is structured according to product lines or geographical markets.
Recent trends in organizational structure have seen a move towards flat structures and team-based approaches to work. These approaches focus on collaboration and collective expertise to respond more effectively to rapid changes in various economical and technological factors. However, the emphasis on teams doesn't negate the presence of bureaucratic structures in many large formal organizations, where there is a clear hierarchy and division of labor, typical of a functional organization.