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The authors identify four parties-at-interest or stakeholders in any project. These stakeholders are

a) Clients, Vendors, Government, Competitors
b) Customers, Suppliers, Employees, Investors
c) Sponsors, Team Members, Regulators, End Users
d) Executives, Consultants, Shareholders, Partners

User Brian Kent
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Final answer:

The correct stakeholders identified by the authors are Sponsors, Team Members, Regulators, and End Users. Stakeholders encompass a broad range of individuals and organizations with an interest in a project, including but not limited to customers, employees, and entire communities, as opposed to shareholders who are primarily concerned with financial returns.

Step-by-step explanation:

The authors identify four parties-at-interest or stakeholders in any project. These stakeholders are c) Sponsors, Team Members, Regulators, End Users. A stakeholder is an individual or organization with an interest in the success and outcome of a project. They often include users and customers, the project team, and the company that employs the team. The purpose of most design projects is to create solutions that meet the needs of both customers and stakeholders.

Stakeholders can be broader than just the immediate customers, encompassing anyone affected by the project, such as government agencies, communities, and companies involved in related industries. Milton Friedman's thoughts on stakeholders highlight the difference between shareholders, who are concerned with financial returns on their investments, and stakeholders, who may have a wider variety of interests connected to a company's operations.

It is crucial for the success of any project to actively engage and consider the perspectives of all relevant stakeholders. This can lead to not only a more successful project outcome but also to a better understanding of the societal impacts of the project.

User Vvahans
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