Final Answer:
The Astebro study (2004) of R&D projects found that all the characteristics below were excellent predictors of project commercial success, EXCEPT Short project duration.
thus correct option is c) Short project duration
Step-by-step explanation:
The Astebro study highlighted several critical predictors of R&D project commercial success, including experienced project management, clear project objectives, and adequate project funding. However, it didn't identify short project duration as an excellent predictor of success. While efficient time management is crucial, the study didn't find a direct correlation between shorter durations and commercial success. Instead, it emphasized the importance of strategic planning, effective resource allocation, and goal clarity to achieve successful outcomes.
Astebro's findings imply that success isn't solely tied to a swift completion but rather to comprehensive planning and execution, emphasizing quality over the speed of project completion. Hence, among the listed characteristics, project duration wasn't identified as an excellent predictor of project commercial success in the Astebro study.
thus correct option is c) Short project duration