Final answer:
Johann Caspar Lavater's theory of physiognomy suggested a correlation between light skin and higher intellect. Phrenology, an early science, attempted to correlate personality traits with measurements of parts of the skull. However, both phrenology and physiognomy have been discredited as pseudosciences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Johann Caspar Lavater's theory of physiognomy suggested that people with light skin had higher intellect.
Phrenology, related to psychology, was an early science that attempted to correlate personality traits with measurements of parts of a person's skull. Phrenologists believed that specific human attributes could be mapped to the cranium.
However, phrenology and physiognomy have since been discredited and are considered pseudosciences.