Final answer:
A friendship group is not a formal organization because it lacks formal roles, clear hierarchy and authoritative structures that are present in formal organizations. Option c
Step-by-step explanation:
A friendship group isn't an example of a formal organization primarily because a. there are no formal roles. In a friendship group, decisions are made through an informal consensus without set roles or a strict hierarchy.
Unlike formal organizations, which have a defined hierarchy of authority, clear roles, responsibilities, and are sometimes governed by legal regulations, friendship groups rely on an informal structure.
Formal organizations can be categorized into normative, coercive, and utilitarian types, each with distinct structures and purposes, while friendship groups fall under the category of primary groups where informal leadership may emerge. Option c