Question

The following adaptations are included in what step of PROS:

a) Will be as simple or complex as the stress placed on them
b) Adaptations depend on muscle actions involved, velocity of movement, RFD, exercise ROM, energy metabolism, specific mode, intensity, and volume of training
c) Increase resistance gradually
d) Change the type of exercise regularly

Answer 1

The adaptations are part of the Progressive Overload step in the PROS principle of physical training, focusing on gradual increase of exercise stress and regular changes in exercise types to ensure continual muscle adaptation and performance improvement.

Step-by-step explanation:

The adaptations listed in the student's question refer to the Progressive Overload aspect of the Progressive Overload, Recovery, and Specificity (PROS) principle used in physical training and exercise physiology. Progressive Overload is the gradual increase of stress placed upon the body during exercise training. To ensure continual adaptation and avoid plateaus in performance, resistance is increased gradually (c). Furthermore, the type of exercise is changed regularly (d) to challenge the body in different ways and enhance various aspects of strength and conditioning. Adaptations to training will vary (b) based on multiple factors such as muscle actions, velocity of movement, Rate of Force Development (RFD), range of motion (ROM), as well as energy metabolism involved. The complexity of adaptations (a) relates to the amount of stress the muscles undergo during exercise. Understanding that muscles adapt specifically to the imposed demands is key to designing an effective training program.

Answer 2

Adaptations depend on muscle actions involved, velocity of movement, RFD, exercise ROM, energy metabolism, specific mode, intensity, and volume of training, is the correct choice for the given question. These factors align with the principles of the "Progression" step in the PROS model.Thus,the correct option is b.

Step-by-step explanation:

The adaptations listed in option b) are integral to the "Progression" step within the PROS (Progression, Regularity, Overload, Specificity) model. This step is crucial in designing effective training programs by considering various factors that influence physiological responses to exercise.

Muscle actions, encompassing concentric and eccentric contractions, dictate the type of stress imposed on muscles during training. Velocity of movement plays a role in force development and power output, influencing the dynamic nature of exercises. Rate of Force Development (RFD) is vital, emphasizing the importance of rapid force generation, crucial for activities requiring explosive power.

Exercise Range of Motion (ROM) is a critical determinant of muscle engagement and joint flexibility, ensuring a comprehensive training stimulus. Energy metabolism considerations underscore the significance of fuel utilization during different types and intensities of exercise.

Specific mode addresses the principle of specificity, tailoring training to match desired outcomes. Intensity and volume of training are central to the progression principle, requiring systematic increases to induce continued adaptations. This holistic approach ensures that the training program aligns with individual needs and goals, promoting a balanced and effective progression over time. In essence, the inclusion of these factors in the "Progression" step reflects a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted nature of physiological adaptations to exercise.

Therefore,the correct option is b.

Complete Question:

How are the following adaptations included in what step of PROS:

a) Will be as simple or complex as the stress placed on them

b) Adaptations depend on muscle actions involved, velocity of movement, RFD, exercise ROM, energy metabolism, specific mode, intensity, and volume of training

c) Increase resistance gradually

d) Change the type of exercise regularly