Final answer:
Option 3: Cultural norms and expectations represent a cognitive influence on gender typing in early childhood through the process of gender socialization, where children internalize societal values and expectations. Option 3
Step-by-step explanation:
The cognitive influence on gender typing in early childhood is represented by Option 3: Cultural norms and expectations. This is because cognitive development pertaining to gender involves children learning and internalizing societal values, beliefs, and attitudes that dictate behavior considered appropriate for their gender.
For instance, gender socialization begins at a very young age, and children are aware of distinct expectations for boys and girls from as early as two or three years old. Socialization, heavily influenced by cultural norms and media, acts as a major force in the stratification of genders and the affirmation of the gender binary.
At home, for example, the toys and activities provided to children are often steeped in gender roles, and parental approval reinforces these gender-typed behaviors. Another major influence is the prevalence of gender stereotypes in media, which can overgeneralize the roles and behaviors of men and women. option 3