Final answer:
The first Newark Foot Patrol Experiment showed improved community perceptions of safety as a positive result. Effective crime reduction tactics include community-oriented policing, targeted foot patrols, and social interventions. Deterrence strategies' effectiveness varies, highlighting the importance of cost-benefit analysis in policy decision-making.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the first Newark Foot Patrol Experiment, positive results were reported by D) Improving community perceptions of safety. Police tactics aimed at reducing crime can take various forms, with some garnering more effective results than others. Successful approaches to reducing crime often involve targeted strategies rather than broad, general increases in policing.
Community-oriented policing has shown benefits in increasing police legitimacy and reducing crime by building trust within communities. Street lighting improvements, neighborhood watch programs, and intensive foot patrols in crime hotspots have also contributed to crime reduction. Conversely, stop and frisk and zero-tolerance policies have prompted discussions about their efficacy and the potential for negative community impact, particularly among communities of color.
Moreover, social interventions like improving education, economic conditions, and attending to neighborhood visual blight can also lead to positive outcomes in crime prevention without increased policing. Deterrence strategies such as longer sentencing for crimes and increased likelihood of apprehension have seen mixed results, with programs like Scared Straight inadvertently increasing crime rates among participants. It's crucial for policymakers to consider the cost-benefit analysis of different policing strategies and social interventions to effectively deter crime.