Final answer:
The behavioral science movement is best described by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations. It integrates disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and economics and employs a biopsychosocial model to understand how human behaviors impact organizations. So, the correct answer is option c.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Behavioral Science Movement
The behavioral science movement is best described by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations. This corresponds to option (c) from the choices provided. The movement encompasses various disciplines including psychology, sociology, and economics, and is concerned with understanding and improving how human behaviors affect the performance and dynamics within organizations.
It integrates knowledge from the biological sciences, such as ethology and biopsychology, to examine human behavior. Furthermore, it looks into the socio-psychological aspects of behavior in organizations, drawing from fields such as behavioral economics and cognitive psychology.
Behavioral science differs from approaches that focus solely on behaviorism, which primarily looks at observable behaviors and the conditions that elicit them, often ignoring internal psychological processes. Instead, it adopts a biopsychosocial model, which considers the interplay between biology, psychology, and social factors.
It also moves beyond the scope of scientific management, which aims to control work behavior mainly to increase profit, by recognizing the complexity of human motivation and the importance of psychological and social well-being of the workforce.