Final answer:
A poor extension of the big toe can negatively affect the plantar fascia and the tibialis anterior while running, but it is unlikely to directly impact the Achilles tendon or gastrocnemius.
Step-by-step explanation:
A poor extension of the big toe can negatively affect the plantar fascia while running. The plantar fascia is a thick band of connective tissue that runs from the calcaneus bone to the toes and provides support for the longitudinal arch of the foot. When the big toe has limited extension, it can create imbalances and tension in the plantar fascia, leading to conditions like plantar fasciitis, which can affect runners.
In addition to the plantar fascia, poor extension of the big toe may also impact the tibialis anterior. The tibialis anterior is a muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg that helps to raise the front of the foot during dorsiflexion. Limited extension of the big toe can hinder the proper functioning of the tibialis anterior and affect its ability to contribute to raising the front of the foot while running.
On the other hand, poor extension of the big toe is unlikely to directly affect the Achilles tendon or the gastrocnemius. The Achilles tendon is primarily involved in plantar flexion of the foot, while the gastrocnemius is one of the calf muscles responsible for the movement of the foot and ankle. The extension of the big toe is not directly linked to the functioning of these structures.