Final answer:
Ruth's primary responsibility at Graham Mailing Services was to manage employees and ensure mailing tasks met customer specifications, which categorizes her job as C) Leading in the four functions of management.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Ruth was hired to be the second-in-command at Graham Mailing Services, her primary responsibility was to manage the employees to ensure they completed mailing tasks according to the customers' specifications.
She was not tasked with running machines or engaging in technical work. Since her role focuses on interacting with and directing the employees, her job can be classified under one of the four functions of management.
These functions include Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling. Based on the description provided, Ruth was expected to lead the employees, which means her job was in category C) Leading.
The subject of this question is Business, which involves various functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
In this case, Ruth's job as the second-in-command at Graham Mailing Services involves dealing with employees to ensure that the mailing is done according to customer specifications. This falls under the function of leading, as she is responsible for managing and guiding the employees.
She was not instructed in any technical areas, which suggests that the primary focus of her job is not on running machines or technical tasks. Therefore, her role primarily falls under the function of planning, where she plans and coordinates the work of others.