Final answer:
The correct answer is B) Synaptic plasticity, which refers to the property of synapses to alter strength in response to activity, and is key for learning and memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken based on the activity they receive is known as synaptic plasticity. This is crucial for a functioning nervous system and is the basis of learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity involves changes in synaptic strength through processes such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). These processes occur in the hippocampus, which is involved in storing memories. Neurotransmitter release, action potential generation, and synaptic pruning are related concepts, but they describe different aspects of synaptic function.