Final answer:
The term for the ability to relinquish childlike dependencies on parents is autonomy. Autonomy is achieved as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood, developing a strong sense of self-identity and independence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to relinquish childlike dependencies on parents is referred to as autonomy. In the phases of the life course, individuals shift from dependence to independence, and this transition is a key aspect of personal development. For toddlers, it's essential to develop a sense of autonomy as they begin to explore their world, demonstrating preferences and a desire to make choices for themselves, such as selecting their own clothing. This is pivotal as they resolve the conflict of autonomy versus shame and doubt, fostering a positive self-concept.
In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the main task of an adolescent is to develop autonomy as well, which includes forming their own identity separate from their family and becoming an independent individual. By the time they reach early adulthood, having developed a strong sense of self, individuals are ready to engage in intimate relationships without the fear of isolation.