Final answer:
The correct pair of alleles, following the standard naming conventions, is A) RR and rr, which symbolize homozygous dominant and recessive traits, respectively. The uppercase letter represents a dominant trait, while the lowercase is for a recessive trait.
Step-by-step explanation:
A) RR and rr. Alleles are typically represented using letters where uppercase denotes a dominant trait and lowercase for a recessive one. Thus, homozygous dominant and recessive pairs are represented as RR (both alleles for the dominant trait) and rr (both alleles for the recessive trait), respectively.
In an example regarding pea plants, the dominant allele for a trait such as flower color could be represented as 'V' and the recessive allele as 'v'. Homozygous dominant would be 'VV', and homozygous recessive would be 'vv'. Heterozygous individuals carrying alleles for both dominant and recessive traits are represented as 'Vv'. Another convention addresses the F2 generation resulting from a dihybrid cross as 'RrYy', which stands for genetic traits such as seed shape and color, where 'R' and 'Y' are the dominant alleles and 'r' and 'y' are the recessive ones.
The outcome of the F2 generation displays a trait ratio due to the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, leading to mixed combinations of those alleles, which could be visualized using a Punnett square.