Final answer:
The absorption of amino acids and simple sugars from proteins and carbohydrates primarily occurs in the small intestine. Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, and their absorption continues in the small intestine. Protein absorption is mainly in the duodenum and jejunum, while fats are emulsified by bile in the small intestine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amino acids and simple sugars derived from proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed in the small intestine. This part of the digestive system is where the majority of digestion and absorption takes place. Notably, protein absorption occurs mainly in the duodenum and jejunum through active transport mechanisms. Most proteins are absorbed as amino acids, with nearly 95 to 98 percent of protein digestion and absorption happening in the small intestine.
As for carbohydrates, their digestion begins in the mouth where salivary amylase starts breaking down food starches into maltose. The process continues in the small intestine where pancreatic amylase further degrades the starch into smaller fragments like glucose and maltose, which can then be absorbed by the small intestine.
Fats, meanwhile, are emulsified by bile in the small intestine, not the large intestine as incorrectly stated by one of the choices in the provided information.