Final answer:
Carol Brunson Phillips formulates six concepts to understand how culture is transmitted and not transmitted, including material versus nonmaterial culture, cultural universals, and ethnocentrism versus xenocentrism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Culture is transmitted through various mechanisms, and Carol Brunson Phillips formulates six concepts to help understand this process. They include material versus nonmaterial culture, the concept of cultural universals, and a comparison of ethnocentrism and xenocentrism. Material culture refers to physical objects and artifacts that a culture produces, while nonmaterial culture includes ideas, beliefs, and values. Cultural universals are the common traits found in all human societies, such as language and family systems. Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture, while xenocentrism is the admiration or preference for another culture.