Final answer:
The conjugate acids of NH3, ClO4-, HPO42-, and CO32- are NH4+, HClO4, H2PO4-, and HCO3-, respectively. This occurs when these bases accept a proton in accordance with Brønsted-Lowry theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formula for the conjugate acid of a base is derived by adding a proton (H+) to the base. Here are the formulas for the conjugate acids of the given bases:
- NH4+ is the conjugate acid of NH3.
- HClO4 is the conjugate acid of ClO4−.
- H2PO4− is the conjugate acid of HPO42−.
- HCO3− is the conjugate acid of CO32−.
The process involves a Brønsted-Lowry base accepting a proton, transforming it into its conjugate acid:
- NH3 + H+ → NH4+
- ClO4− + H+ → HClO4
- HPO42− + H+ → H2PO4−
- CO32− + H+ → HCO3−