Final answer:
Categorization C) Medium-term, tactical decisions is the classification that reflects the impact timeframe and frequency of decisions, acknowledging uncertainty over the decision horizon within supply chain optimization.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering decision-making in a supply chain to optimize surplus, the categorization that reflects the impact timeframe and frequency of decisions, acknowledging uncertainty over the decision horizon, would be C) Medium-term, tactical decisions. This level of decision-making bridges the gap between operational and strategic decisions. Tactical decisions are typically revisited more often than strategic ones but with a longer-term focus than operational decisions.
Economists refer to this type of decision-making as intertemporal decision making because it spans across different time periods. This is especially relevant when considering long-term actions such as investment, which affect the surplus and overall health of a supply chain. Understanding the nuances between short-term operational, medium-term tactical, and long-term strategic decisions will help provide clarity in making choices that impact the supply chain over different time horizons.