Final answer:
The two ways to view processes in a supply chain are Upstream and Downstream. The correct response describing these perspectives is option B). Upstream refers to sourcing materials, while Downstream is about product delivery to customers.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are indeed two ways to view the processes performed in a supply chain, which are: Upstream and Downstream. Upstream processes are those that are related to sourcing materials and inputs from suppliers, while downstream processes involve the delivery of products or services to the customers. The first two options, Internal and External, refer to perspectives from within an organization versus those from outside of it, such as from customers or partners. Tactical and Strategic pertain to different levels of decision making, with tactical being more short-term and practical, and strategic being long-term and holistic. Physical and Informational describe the type of flow through the supply chain, with physical relating to the flow of goods and informational to the flow of information.
Thus, the correct answer is B) Upstream and Downstream. Option c incorrectly mixes hierarchical organizational roles with a holistic view, and option d conflates large-scale group issues with detailed aspects, neither directly addressing the process perspectives within a supply chain.