Final answer:
The definition of an acid as a substance that increases the concentration of H+ (H₃O+) ions when dissolved in water is attributed to Svante Arrhenius. Therefore, the correct answer is Arrhenius.
Step-by-step explanation:
An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H+ (H₃O⁺) ions when dissolved in water. This definition is attributed to the Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius, who introduced this concept in 1884. Thus, the correct answer to the question is A) Arrhenius.
The Arrhenius definition of an acid describes a compound that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), which typically combine with water molecules to form hydronium ions (H₃O⁺). The equation representing this process includes adding H₂O to the reactants side to show the formation of hydronium ions from the hydrogen ions.
For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissociating in water:
HCl(aq) + H₂O(l) → H₃O⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)