Final answer:
Athletes can have deficiencies in micronutrients such as iron, calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium. Proper nutrient intake is crucial for energy metabolism and recovery, with males and females having different needs. A balanced diet is often enough to meet these higher nutrient demands.
Step-by-step explanation:
The micronutrient deficiencies that can be found in athletes include iron, calcium, vitamin D, and some antioxidants. Athletes, especially those with heavy perspiration, may require extra sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Micronutrients are essential for energy metabolism, oxygen delivery, protection against oxidative damage, and repair of body structures. For male athletes, there's a need for more vitamins C and K, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin, while female athletes require extra iron to make up for losses due to menstruation. Although no special micronutrient recommendations are made exclusively for athletes, because of their greater energy needs they often consume more nutrients and may benefit from a diet that meets these increased demands.