Final answer:
The primary function of the large intestine includes water absorption, mineral salts absorption, processing of waste material, and feces formation. The colon is also home to bacterial flora that aid digestion and synthesize vitamins. The rectum stores fecal matter until it is excreted.
Step-by-step explanation:
The large intestine, comprising the cecum, the colon, and the rectum, has several essential functions in the human body. The cecum receives semi-solid waste from the small intestine. Primary functions of the colon include water absorption and the formation of feces. The rectum acts as the final storage place for fecal matter before defecation.
Within the colon, the absorption of mineral salts and water from undigested food occurs, facilitating the processing of waste material. Additionally, bacterial flora residing in the colon contribute to the digestive process by breaking down additional carbohydrate residue and synthesizing certain vitamins.
The mucosa of the large intestine is abundant with goblet cells which produce mucus to ease the passage of feces. When feces enter the rectum, it triggers the defecation reflex, culminating in the elimination of waste from the body.