Question

Which of the following is a psychological format that can be used to transform information for encoding?

Select one:
a. iconic code
b. semantic code
c. sensory code
d. echoic code

Answer 1

Semantic encoding is the most effective psychological format for encoding verbal information as it involves deeper processing by associating words' meanings, leading to better memory retention compared to visual or acoustic encoding.

Step-by-step explanation:

The psychological format used to transform information for encoding verbal information most effectively is semantic encoding. Studies by psychologists such as Craik and Tulving have shown that semantic processing, which pertains to the meaning of words, leads to better memory retention compared to the more shallow visual or acoustic encoding. Semantic encoding is linked to the self-reference effect, enhancing memory retention by relating the information to oneself, as per Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker's research.

Visual encoding deals with images, and while high-imagery words can be remembered better, semantic encoding generally provides a stronger memory for verbal information. Acoustic encoding pertains to sounds, especially the auditory aspect of information. Both these forms of encoding are more superficial compared to the deeper and more elaborate processing involved in semantic encoding.