Question

According to your text, one of the main advantages of using animal subjects is that:

a) They provide more reliable data than human subjects
b) They are less expensive than human subjects
c) They are more readily available than human subjects
d) They eliminate the need for ethical considerations

Answer 1

Animal research is subject to strict ethical standards to minimize pain and distress, with an emphasis on the principles of replace, refine, and reduce. Society benefits from such research, but there's a continuous ethical debate due to the inability of animals to consent. Option d

Step-by-step explanation:

Animal research remains a subject of ethical debate, especially considering animals cannot give consent to participate in research. Despite this, researchers must adhere to strict ethical standards, including reducing pain and distress, just as outlined by organizations such as the IACUC and NIH.

These standards involve the three R's principle: replace, refine, and reduce to ensure the humane treatment of animal subjects in research. Advances in medicine are often attributed to animal research, causing society to grapple with the moral implications versus the benefits.

Alternatives are being explored, such as computer models, in vitro methods, and noninvasive imaging techniques, to reduce reliance on animal testing where possible. Option d