Final answer:
Among the given vital signs, while a newborn's respiration rate of 50 and heart rate of 190 are higher than the standard normal ranges, both can be observed in a newborn as they adjust after birth. However, heart rates consistent significantly above 200 beats per minute or accompanied by other symptoms might indicate an issue.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked about which vital sign of a newborn is abnormal. To determine the normal range for newborn vital signs, we can use the Apgar scoring system and standard vital sign ranges.
Assessing Vital Signs
Newborn vital signs are assessed with particular criteria such as skin color, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration. These are part of the Apgar score, which evaluates the overall well-being of the newborn shortly after birth. The Apgar criteria, specifically heart rate and respiration, are critical for determining the need for medical attention. A heart rate (HR) of less than 100 or more than 200 beats per minute, or a respiratory rate (RR) of more than 60 breaths per minute are concerning.
Among the options given:
- 1. An axillary temperature of 37°C is normal.
- 2. A respiratory rate (RR) of 50 is higher than the normal range (30-60 breaths per minute), but could be observed in a newborn as they adapt post-birth.
- 3. A blood pressure (BP) of 70/40 is within normal limits for a newborn.
- 4. A heart rate (HR) of 190 is above the normal range but can occur right after birth due to stress.
A newborn's heart rate can be elevated just after birth; however, if it remains significantly high beyond the immediate postnatal period and other symptoms are present, it could be indicative of distress or an underlying condition requiring medical assessment.