Final answer:
Option (b), A behavior modification procedure that helps an individual suppress upsetting mental images and internal 'talk' is called cognitive restructuring. It is part of cognitive therapy, a broad area that includes other related concepts such as meditation, mindful awareness, cognitive dissonance, and cognitive learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
A behavior modification procedure that assists an individual in suppressing upsetting mental images and internal "talk" is referred to as cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring involves altering negative or distorted thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes to help alleviate psychological stress and improve mental health. This method can involve recognizing irrational thoughts, challenging them, and eventually replacing them with more balanced and realistic ones. It's one form of cognitive therapy.
Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by techniques like meditation, mindful awareness, and various forms of relaxation. Meditation and mindful awareness particularly play a role in managing cognitive dissonance and achieving cognitive consonance, where one's thoughts and behaviors align harmoniously.
Cognitive learning is yet another aspect related to mental health, defined as learning that occurs in response to understanding and interpreting information, rather than through mere association or reinforcement. It encompasses both the development of knowledge and skills as well as the emotional aspects of learning.