Final answer:
Relaxation induced to block fear during desensitization is known as counterconditioning, which is part of Systematic Desensitization. Little Albert's experiment demonstrated stimulus generalization, and extinction happens when a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly unpaired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Step-by-step explanation:
When relaxation is induced to block fear during desensitization, this is known as counterconditioning. Counterconditioning is part of a technique called Systematic Desensitization, which is used to help individuals overcome phobias and anxiety. The process typically involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or situation while they're in a state of relaxation, thereby associating the once-feared stimulus with a new, relaxed response.
In reference to the related information, Little Albert's conditioned fear of a white rat, which then generalized to other furry white objects, is an example of stimulus generalization. This phenomenon occurs when a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus.
Additionally, extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response.