Final answer:
The two HPV types responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer cases are HPV types 16 and 18. These high-risk HPV types can interfere with normal cellular functions, potentially leading to cervical cancer. Vaccinations and screenings are essential in preventing and detecting early stages of cervical cancer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two HPV types responsible for 70% of cervical cancer cases are HPV types 16 and 18.
Understanding HPV and Cervical Cancer
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that includes over 100 related viruses. Certain types of HPV are classified as high-risk due to their potential to cause cervical cancer. Specifically, HPV types 16 and 18 are the main culprits behind the majority of cases. These oncogenic strains are capable of interfering with normal cell division, which can lead to the development of precancerous changes and, if unchecked, cervical cancer. Understanding how these viruses operate is crucial in both the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Regular screening via Pap tests and HPV vaccinations are significant preventative measures. Vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix have been developed to immunize against the high-risk HPV types, including HPV 16 and 18. Gardasil also protects against HPV types 6 and 11, which cause genital warts. Vaccination prior to the onset of sexual activity is recommended for maximum effectiveness in preventing infection with these high-risk types.
Oncogenic HPV types have virulence factors, such as proteins E6 and E7, which can inactivate tumor suppressor proteins, contributing to the uncontrolled cell division that can lead to cancer. Despite the seriousness of these infections, many cases of HPV clear naturally within 2 years thanks to the immune system's response. However, persistent infections by high-risk types like HPV 16 and 18 can result in cervical cancer, serving as a stark reminder of the importance of preventive healthcare measures.