Final answer:
The correct answer is option B), which outlines the process of making recombinant DNA by isolating DNA, cutting it with restriction enzymes, inserting it into a plasmid vector, joining it with DNA ligase, and then amplifying the recombinant DNA through bacterial transformation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct description of the process of making recombinant DNA is B). The steps involved in creating recombinant DNA are: isolating DNA, cutting it with restriction enzymes, and then inserting the DNA fragment into a plasmid vector. The DNA is then joined together using DNA ligase. This recombinant plasmid is subsequently introduced into bacteria through a process known as transformation. These bacteria are then grown on selective media, ensuring that only those containing the recombinant plasmid survive, allowing for the amplification of the recombinant DNA.
To elaborate, the recombinant DNA technology commences with the isolation of a gene or piece of DNA, which is then fragmented utilizing restriction enzymes that create either 'sticky' or blunt ends at specific sequences. Afterward, the DNA of interest is combined with a cloning vector, such as a plasmid that has been similarly cut with the same restriction enzymes. This facilitates the hybridization of the matching ends, which is followed by the enzyme DNA ligase sealing the joint, generating a contiguous strand of nucleic acids. This process, known as ligation, results in the formation of recombinant DNA.
Once the recombinant plasmid is prepared, it is introduced into host bacteria by transformation. The bacteria are subsequently cultured on a medium containing an antibiotic or another type of selective agent. Only bacteria that have successfully integrated the recombinant plasmid can grow on this medium, allowing for their selection. Such bacteria are then propagated to amass large quantities of the recombinant DNA, which might encode a valuable protein like insulin or other molecules of interest in research or medicine.