Final answer:
Implementation intentions are effective in goal-setting because they help individuals buffer against volitional problems by fostering commitment and planning specific steps towards achieving goals. The correct answer is option a.
Step-by-step explanation:
Implementation intentions are effective in goal-setting pursuits because they buffer performers against falling prey to volitional problems. This means that by forming specific plans, individuals can overcome problems related to willpower, procrastination, and other issues that might prevent them from achieving their goals.
When an actor envisions a positive outcome for their character, they commit to this goal in the performance, despite knowing the actual outcome. This reflects the importance of commitment and belief in the pursuit of intentions.
Similarly, forming clear intentions and establishing a plan of action is crucial in political campaigns, where strategic actions are taken to achieve a specific goal, such as mobilizing supporters. It is noted that clear timelines and planned actions improve focus and commitment, which are essential in managing complex projects and achieving career targets.
Therefore, implementation intentions enhance self-regulation by reducing ambiguity, fostering commitment, and planning specific steps towards the achievement of goals, which leads to a higher likelihood of success.