Question

Identify how mutations in genes and chromosomes can result from errors in cell division (non-disjunction).

Options:
A) Mutations in genes and chromosomes are not associated with errors in cell division.
B) Errors in cell division, specifically non-disjunction, cannot lead to mutations.
C) Mutations in genes and chromosomes can result from errors in cell division, including non-disjunction.
D) Errors in cell division only affect chromosomes, not genes.

Answer 1

Mutations in genes and chromosomes can result from errors in cell division, including non-disjunction, which can lead to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes and consequent genetic disorders in offspring.

Step-by-step explanation:

When considering how mutations in genes and chromosomes can result from errors in cell division, particularly non-disjunction, the correct statement is that mutations in genes and chromosomes can indeed result from such errors. Non-disjunction is a failure during cell division, specifically in meiosis, where homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate properly. This results in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes, which, if involved in fertilization, can lead to offspring with chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome and other genetic disorders. This error can occur during either meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes fail to separate, or meiosis II, where sister chromatids fail to separate.