Final answer:
The option that is not one of the central concepts of extrinsic motivation is D. Achievement, as achievement relates more to intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation consists of rewards, punishments, and incentives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of extrinsic motivation primarily involves three concepts: rewards, punishments, and incentives. Therefore, the option that is not one of these central concepts is D. Achievement. Achievement is often more related to intrinsic motivation, which pertains to performing an action or behavior because it is personally rewarding; in other words, the behavior itself is its own reward.
Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise. This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual. Examples of extrinsic motivation include working a job for money, studying because you want a good grade, or cleaning your room to avoid being reprimanded by your parents.