Final answer:
A karyotype is a method that geneticists use to identify chromosomal abnormalities in an individual. It can predict genetic disorders such as Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
A karyotype is a method that geneticists use to identify chromosomal abnormalities in an individual. By observing the chromosomal composition of a person, the geneticist can predict genetic disorders before birth. For example, Down Syndrome is identified by a third copy of chromosome 21, and Turner Syndrome is characterized by the presence of only one X chromosome in women. Geneticists can also identify large DNA deletions or insertions, such as Jacobsen Syndrome, which involves a deletion on chromosome 11. Additionally, the karyotype can pinpoint translocations, where genetic material breaks from one chromosome and reattaches to another.