Final answer:
The hallmark of Chinese policies at the end of the 1950's and in the beginning of the 1960's was the Great Leap Forward.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hallmark of Chinese policies at the end of the 1950's and in the beginning of the 1960's was the Great Leap Forward (B).
This plan, implemented by Mao Zedong, aimed to transform China from a nation of peasant farmers to an industrialized nation. However, it resulted in a decline in agriculture production and widespread famine, leading to the death of tens of millions of people.
Although the Cultural Revolution (A) also took place during this period, the Great Leap Forward is considered the primary hallmark of Chinese policies at that time.