Final answer:
A recent loss of a family member is the factor out of the provided options that most increases the risk for depression. Other factors such as strong social support, regular exercise, and positive self-esteem act as protective factors against depression.
Step-by-step explanation:
When assessing a client for risk factors for the development of depression, the nurse should recognize that a recent loss of a family member can significantly increase the risk. Research has shown that life stressors, such as bereavement, are prominent risk factors in the onset of major depression. Conversely, having a strong social support network, engaging in a regular exercise routine, and maintaining a positive self-esteem are factors that contribute to better mental health outcomes and may act as protective factors against depression.
Specifically, studies have indicated that social support can improve longevity and is comparable to quitting smoking in its positive effect on health. Regular aerobic exercise has been compared to pharmaceutical antidepressants in treating mild-to-moderate depression due to its ability to increase neurochemicals that act as euphoriants. Lastly, positive self-esteem has been linked to fewer depressive symptoms and better coping strategies in the face of adversity.
Therefore, within the provided options, d. Recent loss of a family member, is the factor that most increases the risk for depression.