Final answer:
The nurse should place the client with active pulmonary tuberculosis in a negative pressure room to limit the spread of infection. Visitors should be restricted, and proper protective measures should be observed. A live attenuated vaccine is not appropriate for treating active tuberculosis, and while a surgical mask is beneficial, it is not as effective as the negative pressure room.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nursing care for a client with active pulmonary tuberculosis should focus on limiting the spread of the infection and ensuring the safety of other clients and healthcare providers. The correct action for the nurse to take is:
- Place the client in a negative pressure room.
By doing this, the nurse helps to prevent the spread of the bacteria through droplet aerosols that can be released when the client coughs because the negative pressure room will contain and then safely remove the contaminated air. Visitors should be restricted, and proper protective measures should be taken for anyone entering the room, including wearing N95 respirators or equivalent.
It is inappropriate to allow visitors without any restrictions due to the contagious nature of tuberculosis. Administering a live attenuated vaccine to the client is not a treatment for active tuberculosis. Instead, the client would need a regimen of antibiotics. Lastly, providing a surgical mask for the client is a useful measure but is not as effective as placing the client in a negative pressure room, which offers the most protection against the spread of the disease.