Final answer:
The correct answer is D) Phoneme awareness. Phoneme awareness is the understanding of how phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can distinguish meaning, form the foundation for learning spelling and reading, which dyslexic students often struggle with.
Step-by-step explanation:
A student who has little D) phoneme awareness may struggle with understanding the concept of sound-letter correspondence, which is crucial for reading and spelling. Such difficulties are common among those with dyslexia, a learning disability that affects the way the brain processes written language.
Dyslexic children might mix up letters, skip words, or have trouble with spelling due to challenges with processing letters and sounds. To support these students, it's important to gradually build associations between gestures, key words, and speech sounds, emphasizing articulation to enhance their literacy skills.