Final answer:
The shape of the abdomen can be flat, convex, concave, or distended, influenced by the underlying muscular structure and factors like obesity or distention. The three main skeletal muscles of the abdomen's wall contribute to its shape and protect internal organs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The shape/contour of the abdomen can vary significantly based on several factors including muscular structure, overall body fat, and specific conditions such as obesity or distention. The wall of the abdomen is composed of three flat skeletal muscles—the external oblique, internal oblique, and the transversus abdominis. These muscles not only facilitate movement and protect internal organs but also influence the shape of the abdomen.
When assessing the shape of the abdomen, several descriptions are often used:
Flat – The abdomen appears level and even with the chest and pelvis.
Convex – The abdomen curves outward, creating a rounded appearance commonly seen in obesity.Concave – The abdomen curves inward, less common in adults but might be seen in certain athletic builds.Distended – The abdomen is enlarged or swollen, which can occur due to various reasons like gas, fluid accumulation, or other underlying conditions
In the context of Figure 21.6.1 depicting an obese individual, the abdomen has a greater accumulation of fat which typically results in a convex or apple-shaped appearance. This is consistent with abdominal obesity and can be a marker for metabolic syndrome, which includes other symptoms such as high blood pressure and changes in cholesterol and glucose levels.