Final answer:
The Minoans inhabited the Aegean island of Crete, where they developed an advanced civilization known for extensive sea trade, impressive palatial structures, and a peaceful culture. They also settled on other islands including Thera, Rhodes, and established trading posts in Egypt.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Minoan civilization developed on the Aegean island of Crete between 2000-1450 BCE. This advanced civilization was named after the mythical King Minos and is best known for its impressive palatial structures, such as those found in Knossos and Phaistos, which served as economic, religious, and administrative centers. Minoans were also remarkable seafarers, engaging in extensive sea trade and establishing settlements on other islands like Thera (now Santorini), Rhodes, and even as far as Egypt. Their society was relatively peaceful and united under a single government with Knossos often considered the capital. As a testament to their peace-oriented culture, archaeologists find very little evidence of military fortifications in Minoan cities.
The Minoans created a script, Linear A, for record-keeping, which remains undeciphered to this day. Nonetheless, their art, particularly their frescoes, provides valuable insights into their lifestyle and culture. For instance, frescoes from sites like Akrotiri display details of the local flora and fauna, clothing styles, and social practices. The eruption of the volcano on Thera significantly impacted the Minoan settlement of Akrotiri, preserving it under pumice and ash, much like Pompeii in Italy.