Final answer:
A nurse should teach a patient with type 1 diabetes to monitor blood sugar frequently, store insulin properly during travel, carry emergency glucose, and be diligent about foot care while on vacation. It is crucial to adjust insulin and monitor blood sugar based on activity and dietary changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
When providing teaching to a patient with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) who is planning a trip, the nurse should include several important instructions. First, it is essential for patients to monitor their blood sugar frequently using a meter. This helps them manage their condition by administering insulin shots as needed to keep their blood sugar levels within a normal range. Since there is no cure for type 1 diabetes, insulin must be taken for life.
Key points to include in the teaching would be:
- The importance of carrying emergency snacks and extra glucose sources in case of hypoglycemia.
- Tips on how to store insulin properly while traveling, including keeping it at the correct temperature (not in the bottom of luggage which may not have temperature control).
- Advice on foot care, which is critically important for those with diabetes, involves protective footwear and routine checks to prevent injuries and infections.
Additionally, the nurse should remind the patient that changes in activity level, diet, and time zones may affect their blood sugar and insulin needs. Therefore, it remains crucial that they continue to check their blood glucose levels as recommended and adjust their insulin dosage accordingly under the guidance of their healthcare provider.