Final answer:
The fundamental difference between a leader and a manager is that a manager focuses on coordinating resources, whereas a leader motivates and inspires others. Leaders can have a transformative impact on an organization through inspiration and vision.
Step-by-step explanation:
One distinction between a leader and a manager is their focus and approach to their roles within an organization. While both roles are essential for the success of a company, they operate differently. A manager typically has legitimate authority within the organization and focuses on coordinating resources, systems, and people to achieve the company's objectives efficiently. They might be responsible for setting goals, organizing work, and monitoring performance. On the other hand, a leader often motivates and inspires others, is visionary, and can influence people beyond their direct control by radiating charisma and relying on personal attributes to guide others toward a common goal, without necessarily having that formal authority.
Therefore, if the student's question is asking about the fundamental difference between a leader and a manager, the correct response would be c. manager focuses on coordinating resources. Leaders are indeed goal-oriented, but they are more characterized by their ability to inspire and motivate rather than their ability to manage resources. Leaders often have a transformative impact on an organization, instilling passion and driving change in a way that impacts the broader company culture and goals.