Final answer:
The growth of Islamic fundamentalism is motivated primarily by the spread of secularism and the reaction to Western military interventions, in addition to historical factors such as the First Crusade, colonialism, and economic disparities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary factor that has motivated the growth of Islamic fundamentalism is generally considered to be the spread of secularism, which challenges traditional Islamic values, and the reaction to Western military interventions that are perceived as threats to Islamic identity and autonomy. The growing influence of Western culture, along with political and economic interventions, has often been met with resistance from segments of the Muslim population who prefer a strict adherence to Islamic teachings and oppose secular and liberal ideologies. This backlash has contributed to a rise in fundamentalism as a movement aiming to return to what its adherents see as the fundamental principles of Islam, which they believe are threatened by outside influences and domestic reforms pushing for more open societies.
The rise of Islamic fundamentalism has been influenced by various historical, cultural, and geopolitical factors, including conflicts such as the First Crusade, the impacts of colonialism, economic disparities, and cultural conservativism within Islamic societies. While globalization and modernization theory suggest industrialization as a primary driver, in the context of Islamic societies, the resistance to some aspects of modernization, particularly those contradicting traditional values, also plays a role.
Islamic societies, in response to the modern challenges of globalization and exposure to different cultural and political ideas, face internal rifts between those wanting to preserve traditional Islamic values and those advocating for reform, democracy, and modernity. It's important to note that this is a complex and multifaceted issue that does not have a singular cause but is influenced by numerous historical events, economic conditions, and cultural factors.