Final Answer:
The system of Hindu philosophy that believes only Brahman is real is Vedanta. Thus the correct option is (C).
Step-by-step explanation:
Vedanta is a philosophical tradition within Hinduism that emphasizes the ultimate reality (Brahman) as the sole, unchanging, and eternal existence. The term Vedanta is a combination of two Sanskrit words: Veda (meaning knowledge) and anta (meaning end or conclusion). Vedanta represents the culmination of Vedic thought and is based on the Upanishads, which are considered the concluding part of the Vedic scriptures.Thus the correct option is (C).
In Vedanta, the key concept is the identification of the individual soul (Atman) with the ultimate reality (Brahman). According to Vedanta, the apparent diversity in the world is an illusion (Maya), and the only true, unchanging reality is Brahman. This philosophy is often expressed with the famous statement Tat Tvam Asi, meaning That Thou Art, emphasizing the identity of the individual soul with the ultimate reality.
Vedanta has several sub-schools, including Advaita Vedanta, which is most closely associated with the idea that there is no fundamental difference between the individual soul and Brahman. Instead, they are considered to be one and the same. This non-dualistic perspective is a central tenet of Vedanta, distinguishing it from other schools of Hindu philosophy like Nyaya, Samkhya, and Mimamsa, which may focus on different aspects of metaphysics, epistemology, or ritual practices.