Final answer:
In d) Zoroastrianism, the presence of evil is embodied by Ahriman, who opposes Ahura Mazda. This religion's dualistic nature influenced later Jewish and Christian concepts of Satan and the struggle between good and evil.
Step-by-step explanation:
Satan, or a concept similar to it, explains the presence of evil in a number of religions. However, in the context of the ancient religion Zoroastrianism, there is a distinct figure known as Ahriman who embodies evil and opposes Ahura Mazda, the god of goodness and honesty. This dualistic aspect of good and evil is a central theme in Zoroastrian belief.
The influence of Zoroastrianism on other religions is significant, especially on Judaism, and its ideas likely influenced concepts of good and evil, final judgment, and the role of humanity in this cosmic struggle as seen in later Jewish and Christian beliefs. The relationship between Zoroastrianism and Satan, in particular, becomes more defined in Judaism after contact with Zoroastrian ideas during the Persian Empire. Christianity inherits many of these concepts through its development from Jewish beliefs.
In summary, the presence of evil as embodied by a figure similar to Satan is most notably detailed in Zoroastrianism compared to the other options provided. This ancient faith significantly shaped the understanding of evil and cosmic struggle in later monotheistic religions such as Judaism and Christianity.