Final Answer:
The doctrine of original sin, as per option C, posits that all humans inherit the sin of Adam and Eve, leading to inherent moral imperfection due to their disobedience in the biblical story.
Step-by-step explanation:
The doctrine of original sin, predominantly upheld in Christian theology, asserts that all humans inherit the sin or moral guilt of Adam and Eve, the first man and woman according to the biblical creation story. This belief contends that because of Adam and Eve's disobedience to God in the Garden of Eden, humanity inherited a sinful nature, leading to a state of inherent moral imperfection. This perspective suggests that individuals are not born in a state of purity but are instead inherently flawed due to this original transgression.
The concept does not advocate that humans are born inherently good or innocent (Option A). Instead, it emphasizes the innate tendency towards sinfulness inherited from Adam and Eve's disobedience. It also doesn't propose that sin is an illusion that can be overcome (Option B) but rather acknowledges the reality of human moral frailty. Furthermore, it doesn't primarily focus on achieving redemption through good deeds (Option D), as redemption, according to this doctrine, typically involves divine grace or salvation rather than human effort alone.
The doctrine of original sin remains a fundamental concept in various branches of Christianity, shaping theological beliefs about the nature of humanity, the need for salvation, and the role of Jesus Christ in offering redemption from this inherent sinfulness.