Final answer:
Islam spread through military conquests, economic incentives, and missionary activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The spread of Islam and the conversion of many people to the faith can be attributed to a variety of factors, but one of the primary reasons was A. military conquests and political expansion. With the rise of the Islamic caliphates and empires, such as the Abbasid dynasty, Arab armies conquered large territories, leading to the expansion of the religion. Military victories not only brought new converts through forced conversions but also provided opportunities for peaceful conversions as people adopted the dominant faith of their rulers.
Additionally, B. economic incentives and trade networks played a significant role in the spread of Islam. The Arabian Peninsula, where Islam originated, was a center of trade, and many early Muslims were merchants or traders. As trade routes expanded, Islam spread along with them, creating a network of believers who shared a common language, Arabic, and common traditions and customs.
Furthermore, D. missionary activities and proselytization were crucial in spreading Islam. Sufi missionaries, in particular, played a vital role in propagating the faith through their spiritual teachings and practices. They attracted followers by emphasizing the mystical and spiritual aspects of Islam, making it more accessible and appealing to people of different cultures and backgrounds.