Final answer:
The Jews view themselves as Yahweh's chosen people due to the Covenant with Abraham, which established their special relationship with Yahweh and set the stage for their monotheistic identity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The view of the Jews as Yahweh's chosen people primarily results from C) The Covenant with Abraham. The biblical narrative describes Abraham entering into a covenant with Yahweh, where they established a promise of a special relationship and the forthcoming birthright of the Jewish people. This event predates the Exodus, the Babylonian Exile, and the Maccabean Revolt, and is foundational to the establishment of the Jewish identity as the chosen people of Yahweh. The development of Jewish monotheism and the exclusive worship of Yahweh took shape over centuries, marked by events such as the Exodus from Egypt under the leadership of Moses, where Jews reaffirmed their commitment to worship only Yahweh and to follow His laws.
Detailed histories and laws associated with this covenant can be found in the sacred Jewish texts of the Torah and the interpretations in the Talmud. Throughout their history, including during the Babylonian Exile, the Jewish people reflected on and reinforced their unique religious identity, often attributing their successes and defeats to their adherence or lack thereof to the Covenant with Yahweh.