Final answer:
In the Roman Catholic Church, transubstantiation holds that during the sacrament of the Eucharist, the bread and wine become the actual body and blood of Christ. This belief is based on the words of Jesus during the Last Supper, and it represents a mystery of faith that is central to Catholic worship.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the doctrine of transubstantiation in the Roman Catholic Church, the correct answer is B) Bread and wine become the actual body and blood of Christ. This belief stems from the Last Supper, where Jesus instituted the practice of the Eucharist by asking his disciples to eat bread and drink wine in remembrance of him.
Christians who follow this doctrine trust that during the Mass, by the consecration of the bread and wine, there occurs the change of the entire substance of bread into the substance of the body of Christ and the entire substance of wine into the blood. This belief is distinct from other Christian denominations, where the Eucharist is seen more as a symbolic act, as with Protestants, or a spiritual communion rather than a literal change, as in the Calvinist tradition.
This profound mystery of faith, central to Catholic worship, is based on scripture quotes from the Last Supper, where Jesus told his apostles, "This is my body," and "This is my blood," implying a real presence in the elements of the Eucharist, which are then partaken by the faithful.