Final answer:
The least effective strategy in formulating political action is living and practicing in several different states. Option b
Step-by-step explanation:
The strategy that is least effective in formulating political action is b. Living and practicing in several different states. While being well-versed in different states' political systems can provide valuable insights, it does not directly contribute to formulating effective political action.
The ability to communicate information concisely (a), determining who should be contacted and for what political action (c), and having the ability to use different channels of information (d) are all important strategies in formulating political action. option b