Final answer:
The correct term for a system that records a nation's international financial transactions is its Balance of Payments, which encompasses all economic exchanges between a country's residents and the rest of the world.
Step-by-step explanation:
The system of accounts that records a nation's international financial transactions is most accurately called its Balance of Payments. The Balance of Payments is a comprehensive record of all economic transactions between the residents of a country and the rest of the world over a period of time. Chapters 27 through 31 of the text highlight the role of money, the banking system, monetary policy, and financial regulation, while later chapters introduce international dimensions, including topics such as international trade, which is closely related to a nation's Balance of Payments.